Tratamiento endovascular de aneurisma subclavio derecho en arco aórtico bovino / Endovascular treatment of right subclavian aneurysm in bovine aortic arch

Aneurisma subclavio derecho superior a 50 mm de diámetro en un paciente con arco aórtico bovino. Como método complementario al angio taC se realizó una angiografía digital selectiva que confirmó el diagnóstico y complementó las mediciones necesarias. Se realizó tratamiento endovascular exitoso mediante punciones de ambas arterias femorales comunes y de la arteria humeral izquierda, con introductores de 7 Fr, con lo que se logró el control angiográfico total del tronco común. La progresión del cuello aneurismático solo fue posible a través del abordaje humeral. Se resolvió de modo satisfactorio mediante el implante de dos stents graft VBX de 7 × 39 y 6 × 29. Control agiográfico sin signos de endoleak. Se realizó control en UCI a las 24 horas, cuando se trasladó al paciente a la sala general con alta de internación y control por consultas externos. Hasta el momento permanece libre de síntomas.(AU)

Right subclavian aneurysm greater than 50mm in diameter in a patient with a bovine aortic arch. a selective digitalangiography was performed as a complementary method to the Ct angi-ography, confi rming the diagnosis andcomplementing the necessary measurements. Successful endovascular treatment was performed by puncture ofboth common femoral arteries and left brachial artery, with 7 fr introducers achieving total angiographic controlof the common trunk, making it possible to progress the aneurysmal neck only through the humeral approach. itwas resolved satisfactorily by implanting two 7 × 39 and 6 × 29 VBX stent grafts. agiographic control without signsof endoleak. monitoring was carried out in the iCu 24 hours a day, transfer to the general ward 24 hours a day, withhospital discharge and control by outpatient clinics. Currently symptom free.(AU)

Trauma cervical penetrante con cuerpo extraño transcarotídeo / Penetrating cervical injury due to a foreign body

Introducción: los traumas vasculares civiles o domésticos constituyen una modalidad poco frecuente que seasocia fundamentalmente a cuestiones accidentales. En estos casos los sangrados pueden ser profusos, inclusoprovocar shock y muerte por hipovolemia. Caso clínico: aquí se describe el caso de un adolescente con una herida penetrante debida a un alambre en laregión cervical anterolateral derecha mientras cortaba el césped con una con una desbrozadora. Cabe destacarla reacción de quienes lo asistieron en el momento del accidente, ya que no intentaron extraer el alambre, quese movía al ritmo cardíaco. Se remitió a la guardia de emergencias. Después de una rápida evaluación clínica,radiológica y ecografía, ingresó en el quirófano para extraer el alambre con control vascular carotídeo total y rafi ade cara anterior y posterior de la carótida común. Discusión: se discute la posibilidad de haber podido extraer el cuerpo extraño sin cirugía y aplicar compresióncon eventual reparación endovascular con stent graft.

Introduction: civilian or domestic vascular traumas constitute a rare modality that is fundamentally associatedwith accidental issues. In these cases, bleeding can be profuse, even causing shock and death due to hypovolemia. Case report: here we describe a case of an adolescent who sustained a penetrating wire wound to the rightanterolateral cervical region while mowing the lawn with a brushcutter. The actions of those who assisted himat the time stand out since they did not try to remove the wire which moved to the heart rate. He was referredto the emergency room and after a rapid clinical, radiological and ultrasound evaluation, he was admitted to theoperating room in order to remove the wire during the surgical act with total carotid vascular control and raffia ofthe anterior and posterior face of the common carotid. Discussion: the possibility of having removed the foreign body without surgery and applying compression witheventual endovascular repair with a stent graft is discussed.(AU)

Attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: trimetazidine versus N-acetyl cysteine.

Gentamicin (G) is a highly nephrotoxic aminoglucoside. It was used to experimentally induce nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. To find a drug capable of protecting the nephron we assayed a cardioprotector (trimetazidine, TMZ) and a hepatoprotector (N-acetyl cysteine, NAC). The rats were divided into six groups (n = 8): (A) control without drugs; (B) treated with 50 mg kg(-1) per day (i.p.) of G for 7 days; (C) diet supplemented with 20 mg kg(-1) per day of TMZ for 7 days; (D) treated with 10 mg kg(-1) per day (i.p.) of NAC for 7 days; (E) pretreated for 7 days with 20 mg kg(-1) per day of TMZ and during the following 7 days with G + TMZ; (F) pretreated for 7 days with 10 mg kg(-1) per day (i.p.) of NAC and during the following 7 days with G + NAC. Urea and creatinine as well as the excretion of urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT(u)) and urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG(u)) were determined and structural and ultrastructural studies were carried out. Group B was used as a G-induced nephrotoxicity control. Pretreatment with TMZ (E) showed a protector effect against induced nephrotoxicity, with no biochemical or functional changes nor alterations in histoarchitecture or ultrastructure. Pretreatment with NAC (F) showed no protector effect against G-induced nephrotoxicity since no statistically significant differences were found with respect to the control group with G. We conclude that G-induced nephrotoxicity is attenuated by the cytoprotective effect of TMZ. We may infer that TMZ inhibits the reabsorption and consequently the accumulation of G in the proximal tubule cell.

Efecto de trimetazidina en la nefrotoxicidad por gentamicina / Trimetazidine effect on nephrotoxicity by gentamicyn

La Trimetazidina (TMZ) es una droga utilizada como cardioprotector, ya que previene la muerte celular secundaria a la isquemia miocárdica. Algunos investigadores le atribuyeron efecto reno-protector, actividad antioxidante y scavenger de radicales libres del oxígeno. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el efecto citoprotector de TMZ en las alteraciones inducidas por Gentamicina (G) a nivel de la célula del túbulo renal. Se diseñaron esquemas en animales de experimentación tratados con ambas drogas. Ratas macho Wistar de 180 a 200 g de peso fueron distribuidas en 5 grupos (n=8) y tratadas con: dieta estándar (A); suplementada con 20 mg/Kg/día de TMZ durante 27 días (B); suplementada con 50 mg/Kg/día de G durante 7 días(C); pretratadas 20 días con 20 mg/Kg/día de TMZ y los últimos 7 días con G (D) y tratadas simultáneamente durante 7 días con 20 mg/Kg/día de TMZ y 50 mg/Kg/día de G(E). Se midieron los compuestos nitrogenados urea y creatinina, la excreción de gamma glutamiltranspeptidasa urinaria y se efectuaron estudios estructurales con tinción de hematoxilina-eosina y ultraestructurales. Se utilizó el grupo C como testigo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por G. El pretratamiento durante 20 días con TMZ demostró el efecto protector para la nefrotoxicidad inducida, sin cambios bioquímicos-funcionales, ni alteración de la histoarquitectura, ni de la ultraestructura. El tratamiento simultáneo con TMZ y G no mostró efecto protector. Se concluye que en el modelo de ratas macho Wistar se demuestra el efecto citoprotector de TMZ en tratamiento previo por 21 días. El estudio histológico del tejido renal, bajo estas condiciones, presenta histoarquitectura conservada y función renal normal. Se infiere que el efecto citoprotector de TMZ que impide la nefrotoxicidad inducida por G se debe a la inhibición de la reabsorción y acumulación de Gentamicina en la célula del túbulo proximal del nefrón.

Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a drug used as a cardioprotector since it prevents cell death secondary to myocardial ischemia. Some investigators have attributed protective effect, antioxidant activity and oxygen free radical scavenging abilityt to TMZ. The aim of the present work is to show the cytoprotective effect of TMZ on Gentamicin (G)-induced alterations at the level of the renal tubular cell. Schemes were designed in experimental animals treated with both drugs. Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 260 g were divided into 5 groups (n=8) and treated with: standard diet (A); standard diet supplemented with 20 mg/Kg/day of TMZ for 27 days (B); standard diet supplemented with 50 mg/Kg/day of G for 7 days (C), pretreated for 20 days with 20 mg/Kg/day of TMZ and for the last 7 days with G (D), and treated simultaneously for 7 days with 20 mg/Kg/day of TMZ and 50 mg/Kg/day of G (E). The nitrogen compounds urea and creatinine were measured and so was the excretion of urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Structural studies with hematoxilin and eosin staining and ultrastructural studies were also performed. Gentamicin was used as a control for nephrotoxicity (group C). Pretreatment with TMZ showed a protective effect against induced nephrotoxicity, with no biochemical changes or alterations in the histoarchitecture. Simultaneous treatment with TMZ and G (group E) showed no protective effect. Conclusions: the cytoprotective effect of TMZ on G-induced nephrotoxicity would take place at the level of the proximal tubular cell of the brush border by inhibiting G reabsorption and accumulation.